In Paragraph 4, why does the writer describe the economic hardship and difficult living conditions of workers in Europe?

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Re-reading the question helps clarify what the author is aiming to explain in Paragraph 4: the writer describes the economic hardship and difficult living conditions of workers in Europe to explain why people left their homeland.
Option 1: 'To show the improvements that occurred in immigrants’ lives in the United States' — This is not aligned with the focus on European hardship. The description centers on conditions in Europe, not on improvements after arriving in the U.S., so this option misstates the contrast and purpose.
Option 2: 'To show the sacrifices that immigrants made to establish new lives in the United States' — While sacrifices may be involved in immigration, the specific aim of describing European hardship is to explain why people left, not primarily to highlight sacrifices after arrival. This answer shifts emphasis from the push factors to post-immigration sacrifices, making it an incomplete rationale.
Option 3: 'To show how much immigrants suffered' — Although the text conveys suffering, the broader interpretive goal is not merely to quantify or dwell on suffering. The focus is on what that hardship reveals about motivations for emigrating, not on chronicling suffering for its own sake.
Option 4: 'To illustrate the role push factors played in the immigrants’ decisions' — This directly ties the described hardship to the migrant decision-making process. Push factors are conditions that push people to leave their country, such as economic struggle and poor living conditions, which aligns with the writer’s purpose in explaining emigration patterns.
In summary, each option attempts to map the described hardship to a reason, but only the fourth option explicitly frames the hardship as a driver of emigration through push factors, which is the clearest and most accurate interpretation of the writer’s intent in describing Europe’s conditions.

2025FallB-T-GBL91-71876 Making Connections 3: Unit 2, Reading 1

In Paragraph 4, why does the writer describe the economic hardship and difficult living conditions of workers in Europe?

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