The risk assessment phase of an audit involves the performance of detailed tests of controls and substantive testing of transactions and accounts

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question states: 'The risk assessment phase of an audit involves the performance of detailed tests of controls and substantive testing of transactions and accounts'.

First, consider what the risk assessment phase is supposed to accomplish. In auditing, risk assessment aims to understand the entity and its environment, internal controls, and to identify risks of material misstatement at the assertion level. This phase sets the scope and design of further procedures.

Now, evaluate the claim about 'detailed tests of controls' within risk assessment. Detailed tests of controls are typically part of testing controls, which is a separate procedure category used to obtain evidence about the operating effectiveness of internal controls. These are more characteristic of the control testing phase or the interim/combined approaches, not the broad risk assessment phase.

Next, assess 'substantive testing of transactions and accounts' during risk assessment. Substantive testing—such as detailed vouching, recalculation, or confirmation of balances—is generally reserved for substantive procedures carried out after the risk assessment, focused on reducing detection risk for identified misstatements. While some high-level substantive procedures might occur early, the core substantive testing is not part of the risk assessment phase.

Therefore, the statement is incorrect because the risk assessment phase is not characterized by performing detailed tests of controls or substantive testing. Instead, it concentrates on understanding the entity, its environment, and internal controls to identify risks of material misstatement, which then guides where and how to perform further procedures.

Common misconceptions this addresses include assuming that the risk assessment phase involves diagnostic or confirmatory testing, or that it substitutes for the actual evidence-gathering procedures of control testing and substantive testing. In practice, these detailed tests are planned and executed in subsequent phases, once risks have been identified and assessed.

If you’re comparing to the standard audit framework, think of risk assessment as the planning and risk-identification stage, and the testing of controls and substantive tests as follow-up procedures used to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence.

The risk assessment phase of an audit involves the performance of detailed tests of controls and substantive testing of transactions and accounts

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