_____________________ occurs when an organism makes connections between stimuli or events that occur together in the environment.

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The prompt presents a fill-in-the-blank question and four answer choices. We will evaluate each option in turn to see how well it fits the described concept.
Option 1: Observational learning. This type of learning occurs by watching others perform actions and observing the consequences, and then imitating or avoiding those actions. It emphasizes social learning and modeling rather than forming associations between simultaneous stimuli or events. Therefore, this option does not capture the stated idea of the organism linking co-occurring stimuli or events in the environment.
Option 2: Reflexive learning. This label is not standard in mainstream psychology. It could imply learning that alters reflexes or reflexive responses, but it does not specifically denote the process of forming connections between co-occurring stimuli or events. Consequently, this option is not an accurate description of the concept in question.
Option 3: Associative learning. This term precisely describes learning that occurs when an organism makes connections between stimuli or events that occur together in the environment. It encompasses classical conditioning (linking a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus) and operant conditioning (associations between behaviors and outcomes), both of which rely on forming such associations. This option directly matches the definition provided in the question.
Option 4: Response correlation. While the idea of correlating responses with outcomes or stimuli exists in some framing of learning theories, the specific phrase 'response correlation' is not the standard label for the process of linking co-occurring stimuli or events. It is both less precise and not commonly used as the overarching term for this concept.
Across the options, the core idea is about forming connections between co-occurring environmental events, which aligns best with associative learning. The other choices describe different learning pathways or use terms that are not established labels for this concept, making them less accurate explanations of the prompt’s definition.

_____________________ occurs when an organism makes connections between stimuli or events that occur together in the environment.

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