Susan is a young child and she happens to know that fish swim. One day at the zoo, Susan sees a penguin swimming in a pool. Susan turns to her mother and says, “Look, the black and white fish is swimming!” The fact that Susan calls the penguin a fish best illustrates:

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The scenario centers on a child applying a known category to a new, similar object. Susan knows that fish swim, and she encounters a penguin, which she mistakenly labels as a fish because it swims like fish do. 
Option 1: conservation. This option is not correct because conservation refers to understanding that quantity or amount remains the same despite changes in shape or arrangement (e.g., water in a tall vs. short glass). The issue here is categorization, not quantity or amount. 
Option 2: a failure to understand object permanence. Object permanence is about knowing that objects continue to exist even when not observed, typically developing in infancy. This scenario does not involve whether objects exist when hidden; it involves labeling. 
Option 3: assimilation. This is the correct choice. Assimilation occurs when a child fits a new experience into an existing cognitive schema. Susan uses her fish category to interpret the penguin because it shares a salient feature (swimming) with fish, thereby assimilating the penguin into her fish category. 
Option 4: accommodation. Accommodation would involve altering the existing schema or creating a new one to incorporate the penguin correctly as a non-fish (a bird). Since Susan is not adjusting her category yet and is instead applying the fish label, this example demonstrates assimilation rather than accommodation.

Susan is a young child and she happens to know that fish swim. One day at the zoo, Susan sees a penguin swimming in a pool. Susan turns to her mother and says, “Look, the black and white fish is swimming!” The fact that Susan calls the penguin a fish best illustrates:

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