Which sentence below demonstrates effective integration of source material using APA style in-text citation?

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When evaluating which sentence demonstrates effective integration of source material using APA style in-text citation, we need to look for proper author-year formatting that signals a source is being referenced within the sentence.
Option 1: 'Berry claims inflation bears heavily on holiday shopping habits.' This lacks an in-text citation with author and year in parentheses, so it does not meet APA style requirements for indicating a specific source. It reads as a generic claim without attribution to Berry’s work with a year, which is essential in APA.
Option 2: 'According to Berry (2018), inflation bears heavily on holiday shopping habits.' This structure correctly attributes the claim to Berry with the year in parentheses right after the author, matching standard APA in-text citation practices. The phrasing 'According to' introduces the source, and the parenthetical includes the publication year, which is appropriate for a narrative-style attribution.
Option 3: 'Accordingly Berry (2018) states that, inflation bears heavily on holiday shopping habits.' This option is problematic: it uses 'Accordingly' incorrectly as a lead, and the punctuation is off (no comma after Accordingly or before the quoted material), and the word order disrupts readability. In APA style, if you use a narrative attribution, you typically place the author and year directly after the author, not preceded by an adverb like 'Accordingly' in that position, and you would smooth the sentence to something like 'Berry (2018) states that inflation bears heavily on holiday shopping habits.'
Option 4: 'Sources claims inflation bears heavily on holiday shopping habits.' This option is grammatically incorrect and nonsensical in terms of attribution: it lacks a proper author and year, and 'Sources' is not a correctly formed author name, making it invalid APA attribution.
By weighing these points, Option 2 stands out as the only choice that cleanly adheres to APA conventions for in-text citation, presenting a clear author–year attribution embedded in the sentence and maintaining proper syntax.

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Which sentence below demonstrates effective integration of source material using APA style in-text citation?

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