Which sentence below demonstrates effective integration of source material using APA style in-text citation?

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The question asks to identify which sentence demonstrates effective integration of source material using APA style in-text citation. 
Option 1: "Wenger (1998) explains that communities of practice develop through sustained interaction around shared domains of interest." This uses a narrative (author named in the sentence) citation, which is acceptable in APA for paraphrased content. It presents a clear attribution to Wenger (1998) and states the idea in your own words. Depending on the broader context, this could be considered correct APA style for a paraphrase. 
Option 2: "According to Wenger (1998) explains that communities of practice develop through sustained interaction around shared domains of interest." This is grammatically incorrect. The phrase after the parenthetical citation (explains…) is a verb that doesn’t agree with the introductory phrase; the sentence should read something like "According to Wenger (1998), communities of practice develop..." or simply "Wenger (1998) explains that..." The incorrect grammar and punctuation undermine proper APA usage here. 
Option 3: "Communities of practice are groups with shared interests" (Wenger, 1998). This is a direct quotation with a proper parenthetical citation placed after the quoted material, which is a standard APA practice for quotes. However, in many APA guidelines, direct quotes also require a page or paragraph number if available; since that detail isn’t provided, it’s still a correctly formatted inline citation, and it demonstrates correct integration of a source in a quote. 
Option 4: "According to Wenger, communities of practice develop through sustained interaction around shared domains of interest." This uses a narrative lead with author but omits the year in the citation, which is not consistent with APA in-text citation when a year is used with paraphrase. Including the year improves clarity and traceability, so this option falls short of complete APA style in-text citation. 
Overall, Option 3 best demonstrates proper APA in-text citation for a direct quote, because it places quotation marks around the source material and attaches a parenthetical citation with the author and year immediately after the quoted material, satisfying standard APA requirements for a quotation. The other options either contain grammatical issues, lack complete citation details, or present a paraphrase in a way that may be acceptable but is not as clearly aligned with APA conventions as Option 3.

Which sentence below demonstrates effective integration of source material using APA style in-text citation?

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