4. What is the target of most common over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal compounds?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks: 4. What is the target of most common over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal compounds?

First, note that the provided options are not listed here, so we cannot evaluate specific distractors. Instead, we can reason about the general pharmacologic target of OTC antifungals.

A key concept in antifungal pharmacology is that many common OTC antifungals act on the fungal cell membrane or its components. Specifically, many OTC agents interfere with ergosterol, a critical sterol in fungal cell membranes that helps maintain membrane structure and function. Disrupting ergosterol compromises membrane integrity and permeability, leading to fungal cell death or growth inhibition.

Two major mechanistic routes illustrate this: 
- Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis: Azole antifungals (e.g., clotrimazole, miconazole) inhibit the enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase, a step in the ergosterol synthesis pathway. The reduced ergosterol content weakens the cell membrane and disrupts membrane-associated processes.
- Direct interaction with ergosterol: Polyene antifungals (e.g., amphotericin B, although not typically OTC and more often used in prescription settings) bind ergosterol in the membrane, forming pores that cause leakage of ions and other cellular contents.

Therefore, the overarching target of these common OTC antifungals is the fungal cell membrane (ergosterol-containing membrane) or its synthesis pathway, rather than targets like DNA replication, RNA transcription, or fungal cell wall synthesis.

If you had alternative options such as targeting DNA synthesis, cell wall synthesis, or protein synthesis, those would generally be incorrect for the most common OTC antifungals, because the primary clinically used OTC agents act on the membrane or its sterol composition rather than nucleic acids or wall polysaccharides.

BIOMI1100 Prelim 2 PollEv practice questions

4. What is the target of most common over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal compounds?

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