Question at position 37 ______________ is a short-acting anticoagulant released by basophils that also opposes prothrombin.Protein CVitamin KHeparinPlasmin

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The question asks about a short-acting anticoagulant released by basophils that also opposes prothrombin, and it provides four answer choices. Here is a point-by-point analysis of each option to understand why one fits and the others do not.

Option 1: Protein C. This protein is a vitamin K-dependent anticoagulant synthesized in the liver. It requires activation and works together with protein S to inactivate factors Va and VIIIa, reducing coagulation. However, Protein C is not described as a basophil-released agent, nor is it typically characterized as a short-acting anticoagulant released by basophils or especially associated with opposing prothrombin directly. Therefore this option does not fit the specific description given in the question.

Option 2: Vitamin K. Vitamin K is a cofactor essential for gamma-carboxylation of certain clotting factors, enabling them to function, and its role is to promote coagulation, not to act as an anticoagulant. It is not released by basophils, nor is it an anticoagulant. Because it enhances coagulation rather than inhibits it, this choice contradicts the stated function.

Option 3: Heparin. Heparin is a fast-acting anticoagulant that is released by basophils and mast cells in some species and tissues. It exerts its effect by potentiating antithrombin III, which in turn inhibits thrombin and other proteases involved in clot formation, effectively opposing prothrombin's activity in the cascade. Its characterization as short-acting aligns with the pharmacologic properties of heparin. This option best matches all elements of the prompt.

Option 4: Plasmin. Plasmin is the enzyme responsible for fibrinolysis, breaking down clots rather than preventing their formation. It is not a basophil-released anticoagulant, nor is it described as opposing prothrombin. Its primary role is clot dissolution, not anticoagulation, making this choice inconsistent with the question.

Taking all options into account, only Heparin satisfies the description of a short-acting anticoagulant released by basophils that opposes prothrombin. Consequently, this option aligns with the pharmacology of heparin via antithrombin III and the reduction of thrombin activity, which in turn modulates prothrombin's downstream effects. The other choices fail to meet multiple aspects of the prompt: origin (basophils), function (short-acting anticoagulant), and mechanism (opposition of prothrombin).

Question at position 37 ______________ is a short-acting anticoagulant released by basophils that also opposes prothrombin.Protein CVitamin KHeparinPlasmin

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