Which of the following demonstrates the adaptive significance that is studied by anthropometry?

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The question asks which option demonstrates the adaptive significance that is studied by anthropometry. 
Option 1: 'the length of a person's foot relative to their ability to run fast' links a body measurement to a functional outcome (speed), which can reflect adaptation but the direct adaptive significance is more clearly tied to locomotor efficiency rather than performance in a single ability like running speed. 
Option 2: 'the weight of a person relative to their height' describes a basic body proportion or index (like BMI) and is often used in health assessments or growth studies, but it is not specifically about adaptive significance in anatomical form-function relationships linked to environmental pressures. 
Option 3: 'the length of a person's leg relative to the length of their bipedal stride' directly connects an anatomical measurement (leg length) with a functional consequence (stride length during bipedal locomotion), illustrating a classic example of adaptive significance studied in anthropometry, where limb proportions relate to walking or running efficiency and energy use. 
Option 4: 'the width of a person's hand relative to the size of a stone tool' concerns hand morphology in relation to tool use, which can reflect functional adaptation, but the most characteristic and widely cited anthropometric study of adaptive significance in locomotion is the relationship between leg length and stride, making this option less central to the specific concept of adaptive significance in anthropometry. 
Overall, the reasoning focuses on how body measurements relate to functional performance under environmental demands; the leg-to-stride relationship exemplifies this core idea most directly among the choices.

ANTH101 #73038 Online (Fall 2025) Exam 1

Which of the following demonstrates the adaptive significance that is studied by anthropometry?

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