Oscar is asked to provide the population of France but doesn’t know the answer to the question. Oscar does, however, know the population of Germany. He reasons that because France is a similar size to Germany, the population of France would be a reasonable estimate to provide to answer the question. Which heuristic best describes Oscar’s thought process here?

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The question describes Oscar estimating France's population by comparing it to Germany's population due to a belief that the two countries are similar in size. This points to a specific cognitive shortcut.
Option 1: Availability. This would involve making a judgment based on how easily examples come to mind. Here, Oscar is not recalling a recent or salient France-specific example; he is using a known Germany population as a reference, so availability isn’t the best fit.
Option 2: Recognition. This would be about judging based on familiarity or recognition with a cue. Oscar’s action isn’t about recognizing France as more familiar; it’s about using Germany as a stand-in due to perceived similarity, which goes beyond mere recognition.
Option 3: Representativeness. This heuristic is about judging probability by how much something resembles a typical case (e.g., assuming a small town is more likely to be a librarian if it resembles a stereotype). While similarity plays a role here, the key mechanism is using a known value as a stand-in because of similarity, rather than judging the probability of a France population from representativeness alone.
Option 4: Anchoring. This describes the process of using an initial value (the anchor) and adjusting insufficiently from that point when estimating a related quantity. Oscar uses Germany’s population as an anchor to estimate France’s population because he assumes comparable size, and his subsequent estimate is biased toward that anchor.
In sum, the described reasoning fits anchoring most closely: a reference point (Germany’s population) anchors the estimate for France, leading to an adjusted but often insufficiently revised guess. The other options miss the core mechanism: reliance on a starting point rather than the ease of recall (availability), recognition without reliance for estimation, or a broad representativeness judgment rather than a fixed anchor point.

PSYC20007_2025_SM2 Supplementary or Special Exam: Cognitive Psychology (PSYC20007_2025_SM2)- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser

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