Which of these amino acids have R groups that have hydrogen‑bonding potential?

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Question: Which of these amino acids have R groups that have hydrogen‑bonding potential?

Answer options:
- Option 1: Glu, Ala, Phe, Leu
- Option 2: Ser, Ala, Gly, Tyr
- Option 3: Ser, Glu, Tyr , Thr
- Option 4: Ala, Gly, Gly, Thr

Now let's evaluate each option in turn.

Option 1 analysis: Glu, Ala, Phe, Leu
- Glutamate (Glu) has a carboxylate side chain that can participate in hydrogen bonding as a hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor, so it does have hydrogen-bonding potential. However, this option also includes alanine (Ala), phenylalanine (Phe), and leucine (Leu), whose side chains are nonpolar and lack hydrogen-bonding functionality. The mixture here is inconsistent with a collection that all share hydrogen‑bonding potential in their R groups.

Option 2 analysis: Ser, Ala, Gly, Tyr
- Serine (Ser) has a hydroxyl group in the side chain, which can donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Alanine (Ala) and glycine (Gly) have nonpolar or minimal side chains that contribute little to hydrogen bonding via the R group. Tyrosine (Tyr) has a phenolic hydroxyl group capable of hydrogen bonding, but the inclusion of Ala and Gly reduces the overall hydrogen-bonding potential of the R groups in this set.

Option 3 analysis: Ser, Glu, Tyr , Thr
- Serine (Ser) contains a hydroxyl group in its side chain capable of forming hydrogen bonds. Glutamate (Glu) has a carboxylate (or carboxyl) group that can participate in hydrogen bonding as both donor and acceptor. Tyrosine (Tyr) has a phenolic hydroxyl that can engage in hydrogen bonding. Threonine (Thr) possesses a hydroxyl-containing side chain as well. All four amino acids in this option have side chains with functional groups that can form hydrogen bonds, making this set consistent with the criterion.

Option 4 analysis: Ala, Gly, Gly, Thr
- Alanine (Ala) and glycine (Gly) have small, nonpolar or minimal side chains with little or no hydrogen-bonding capacity from the R group. Threonine (Thr) does have a hydroxyl group, which can hydrogen-bond, but the presence of two nonpolar side chains (Ala and Gly) means the overall R-group hydrogen-bonding potential is not uniform across the set.

Summarizing the reasoning: To satisfy the condition, an option should include amino acids whose R groups can participate in hydrogen bonding via donors or acceptors (such as hydroxyl, carboxylate, or phenolic groups). Option 3 uniquely includes four amino acids all possessing such hydrogen-bond-capable side chains, whereas the other options mix nonpolar R groups with some capable groups, resulting in inconsistent hydrogen-bonding potential across the listed R groups.

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Which of these amino acids have R groups that have hydrogen‑bonding potential?

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