Human inputs of outdoor air pollutants occur mostly ____.

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Question restatement: Human inputs of outdoor air pollutants occur mostly ____.
Option 1: in the mountains. This is unlikely because mountains are typically away from dense emission sources such as vehicles and industry; while pollutants can be transported, human inputs from local emissions are not predominantly in mountainous regions.
Option 2: in the deserts. Deserts have low population density and fewer combustion sources; while dust can be an issue, it’s not driven by human inputs of outdoor air pollutants in the same way as urban emissions.
Option 3: in rural areas. Rural areas have fewer industrial and vehicular emission sources compared with urban centers, so human-caused outdoor air pollutants are not most prevalent there.
Option 4: in urban areas. This is the core idea: urban areas host the highest concentration of human activities—vehicles, industry, power generation—leading to higher emissions of pollutants like NOx, SO2, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds, making human inputs of outdoor air pollutants most pronounced here.
Option 5: over the oceans. The open ocean is distant from most direct land-based emission sources; while there can be atmospheric transport, the greatest human-origin pollutant input is not over oceans relative to land areas with dense anthropogenic activity.
In summary, the distribution of human-made outdoor air pollutants aligns with areas of concentrated human activity, namely urban areas, where emission sources are abundant and population density is high, making Option 4 the most plausible choice.

11:375:101:01 INTRO ENV SCIENCE Lecture #20 Quiz

Human inputs of outdoor air pollutants occur mostly ____.

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