What's considered unacceptable risks in the context of a risk-based AI regulatory framework adopted in the EU?

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Question: What's considered unacceptable risks in the context of a risk-based AI regulatory framework adopted in the EU?

Option a: 'Threats to the rights of citizens' — This aligns with the EU AI Act concept of unacceptable risk, which includes AI systems that infringe on fundamental rights such as privacy, discrimination, or other civil liberties. This is the strongest match to the term 'unacceptable risk.'

Option b: 'Threats to the safety of products where AI systems are used' — This describes a safety concern related to products, which is typically categorized as a general safety or high-risk concern, but not specifically labeled as an 'unacceptable risk' under the framework. It would be addressed under product safety or high-risk categories rather than the explicit 'unacceptable' bucket.

Option c: 'Threats to the integrity of law enforcement' — While this is a serious risk and could fall under high-risk or specific regulatory prohibitions, the wording points more to a targeted threat to a specific domain rather than the broad civil rights focus that characterizes unacceptable risk. It is not the canonical description of unacceptable risk.

Option d: 'Threats to the safety of mass market products' — This is a general safety concern for mass-market products, not an explicit label of unacceptable risk within the AI Act framework. It would be treated under product safety requirements or compliance processes rather than the categorical 'unacceptable' risks.

Option e: 'Threats to the critical infrastructure' — While critical infrastructure is a high-priority worry and could attract stringent controls, the EU AI Act tends to denote unacceptable risks more specifically in terms of fundamental rights violations and similar broad harms rather than positioning critical infrastructure as its own unacceptable-risk category. It would be managed under security and resilience requirements.

Overall, the option that best matches the explicit concept of 'unacceptable risk' in the EU AI regulatory context is a, since it captures violations of fundamental rights that regulators deem unacceptable, whereas the other options describe important but distinct risk categories (safety, integrity, general product safety, infrastructure) that are addressed through other regulatory classifications. The distinction hinges on fundamental rights protections versus broader safety or domain-specific concerns.

What's considered unacceptable risks in the context of a risk-based AI regulatory framework adopted in the EU?

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