Adrenaline acts on:

Question

Adrenaline acts on:

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks which targets adrenaline acts upon, presenting four options. To reason through, I’ll evaluate each option for accuracy.
Option 1: 'β1 receptors to increase heart rate and contraction' This is correct in the sense that adrenaline stimulates β1 receptors in the heart, leading to increased heart rate (chronotropy) and increased contractility (inotropy). The activation of β1 in the sinoatrial node and myocardium is a well-established effect of catecholamines like adrenaline.
Option 2: 'All of these' This is the collective assertion that adrenaline acts on all the listed targets. To judge this, we must verify the other options as true; if they are true, this option is consistent with the pharmacology of adrenaline. 
Option 3: 'β2 receptors to dilate bronchial smooth muscle and relax the uterus' Adrenaline does stimulate β2 receptors, causing bronchodilation and, in some contexts, relaxation of uterine smooth muscle. This aligns with its sympathomimetic actions, particularly the β2-mediated effects on airway resistance and uterine tone.
Option 4: 'α1 adrenoreceptors to produce vasoconstriction' Adrenaline does activate α1 receptors, which can cause vasoconstriction in certain vascular beds, contributing to increased peripheral resistance and blood pressure in high-dose situations or in regions with α1 predominance.
Considering these evaluations, we see that each of the individual options (β1 heart effects, β2 bronchial/uterine effects, and α1 vasoconstriction) describes a legitimate action of adrenaline. Therefore, the statement that encompasses all of these effects is consistent with adrenaline’s broad receptor activity. The reasoning for each mechanism mirrors the general pharmacology of catecholamines: receptor subtype selectivity translating into physiologic responses, with β1 affecting cardiac function, β2 affecting smooth muscle tone in the airways and uterus, and α1 affecting vascular tone. The nuance to keep in mind is dose-dependence and tissue-specific receptor distribution, which can influence the prominence of each effect in different clinical scenarios.

2025-HS1-NUR20007-Pharmacology and Pathophysiology in Nursing-H1 M 1.9 (iii) Self-assessment Quiz

Adrenaline acts on:

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