Acetals form in ___________________ conditions.

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The question asks: Acetals form in ___________________ conditions.
Option 1: acid. This is the correct context because acetals are typically formed from aldehydes/ketones under acidic catalysis, often in the presence of an alcohol (ROH) and water removal to drive the reaction forward. Acid catalysis protonates the carbonyl, increasing electrophilicity and facilitating nucleophilic attack by alcohol.
Option 2: base. In basic conditions, formation of acetals is not favored; bases would tend to promote hydrolysis or alternative reactions, and the protonation step required for acetal formation is not promoted under basic conditions.
Option 3: both. Saying both acid and base conditions favor acetal formation is inaccurate because base conditions do not generally promote acetal formation and can even promote decomposition or hydrolysis if water is present.
Option 4: neither. This would be incorrect because there is a well-established acid-catalyzed pathway for acetal formation from carbonyl compounds and alcohols, not a condition-free process.

CHE 008B A01 SS1 2025 Lecture 8 - Hemiacetals and Acetals

Acetals form in ___________________ conditions.

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